Neurologic diseases are disorders of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle.

Major types are:

• Diseases caused by faulty genes (Huntington's disease and muscular dystrophy)
• Problems with the way the nervous system develops (spina bifida )
• Degenerative diseases, where nerve cells are damaged or die (Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease)
• Diseases of the blood vessels that supply the brain (stroke)
• Injuries to the spinal cord and brain
• Seizure disorders (epilepsy)
• Cancer
• Infections (meningitis)